17. Inside war, the us government promoted austere hairstyles and you can developments for everybody their subjects; for females, quick, bowl-designed haircuts and you will baggy, high-waisted monpe pants (are not used on the country side) was in fact advised because body language of austerity, modesty and family top assistance towards the total battle energy. To own a description and you will data off wartime shojo depictions from inside the shojo zasshi, come across Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. For meanings regarding wartime style and hairstyles to have mature girls, select Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka no Nihon josei doin no shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Google Pupil] and you may Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Luxury ‘s the challenger: Style and you can textiles into the wartime Japan, for the Jacqueline Atkins ”. In Wearing propaganda: Textiles to your home front side within the The japanese, Britain, additionally the All of us, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The fresh Refuge and London : Yale College or university Drive . [Google Student] .
18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, off Bara no kobeya yori, reprinted in the Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika no shojo zasshi, during the Otsuka Eiji ”. When you look at the Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Yahoo College student] , pp. 36–37.
19. Facts from Young Lawn, the fresh new translated Japanese term out-of Louisa May Alcott’s Nothing Female. The latest label Wakakusa Monogatari are followed if the film try shown in Japan inside 1934; prior to composed translations and victoriabrides arvostelut you may adjustment away from Alcott’s vintage received various other headings.
20. Other styles of shojo amusement, particularly the new Takarazuka Revue, will also have provided a model for the ideal boy that have their form of the new danso zero reijin[gorgeous girl during the men dresses], the otokoyaku. Takarazuka not simply expanded a loyal shojo fan base from the wartime and you can postwar age, but is actually seemed regularly inside the shojo zasshi, specifically Shojo no tomo. To have an explanation and historic/anthropological analysis of your Takarazuka Revue, come across Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Bing College student] .
21. Dating back to brand new 1910s, educators and you will ethical supporters regarded as motion picture theatres due to the fact reproduction grounds for new furyo, or as the furyo’s google search known reasons for its jogakusei sufferers. Particular girls’ schools placed rigid criteria towards children which planned to sit in film theatres, or blocked attendance downright. Discover Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko in order to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Bing Student] , pp. 142–44.
Note: just like the postcard respondent (or perhaps the editor) put a special spelling (Wakagusa in place of Wakakusa), the product quality spelling and you will enunciation was Wakakusa
twenty two. The new intimate overtones of revealing a keen umbrella keeps prewar and very early wartime precedents. Look for Kawabata Yasunari’s short story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) of 1932, that contains a great romantically recharged scene away from a couple of youngsters discussing an enthusiastic umbrella. My through The month of january Bardsley for mentioning that it union.
23. Find ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, in the Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Crappy youthfulness: Juvenile delinquency additionally the politics out of daily life from inside the progressive The japanese, Berkeley and you will Los angeles : University away from California Force . [Yahoo Beginner] , pp. 66–96.
24. The fresh new fee change is short for numbers away from 1946–50 as opposed to 1936–forty (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter A great. 1953 . Juvenile delinquency when you look at the The japanese. Pre-combat, combat, and you will post-conflict decades . Brand new Diary out-of Unlawful Legislation, Criminology, and you may Cops Research, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Bing Pupil] , p. 430).
The actual only real difference into sex-segregated system off article-number 1 studies on the Meiji several months towards wartime several months is actually this new coeducational Tokyo Musical College or university [Tokyo ongaku gakko]
seven. I evaluate this type of depictions in more detail about wartime chapter when you look at the my dissertation with the shojo zasshi:‘Every Women’s a level: Representations off Womanliness and you can Puberty when you look at the Japanese Girls’ Guides, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford School, 2008).
sixteen. Get a hold of Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko so you can jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google Student] , p. 207.