To estimate the mean ES, we used a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI₉₅). The effect was considered to be statistically significant if the CI₉₅ did not include zero. We measured variation in the ESs among and between countries with large (>100) and small ( Table 1). Meta-analysis demonstrated a significant negative association between men’s age and preferences for facial femininity across countries (mean ES = ?0.43; CI₉₅ = ?0.17 to ?0.71). The decline in preferences for facial femininity with age was robust, so that Rosenthal’s fail-safe number was 101, more than 3 times greater than the number of countries (27) for which we calculated ESs. Continuous meta-analyses demonstrated an absence of among-country variation in preferences with respect to NHI (p = .66) and GNI (p = .62). (more…)